1. Read through the whole tutorial before actually testing it in Realsoft 3D...!
   * I learned this early in life, since then its easier to see the whole "picture" so to speak
   * When having the whole picture, you more clearly see what the different parts are good for, and
   * how they are supposed to be done, so coming parts will be possible to do
   * If you have seen all from start to end, then its also easier to see when you makes mistakes
2. See to it that the 'Numeric' Window is open, if not, in menu choose 'View/NumericWindow'
3. That's it I think...=)
4. After you have had a look on the example pictures below... lets gets started..!

A couple of example pictures of created FootBalls...

1. In a View Window, Take a 'Top' View. (Orthographic View, NON perspective)
2. In the 'Tabbed' Toolbar´s 'SDS' Tab click on the SDS 'Circle' Tool button to start the tool.
3. In the 'Controlbar', set the 'Points' to 5 Pic 01, then click once in the view window.
4. Press (Shift Key) and which lets you easily move mouse straight down on the screen
5. When you feel happy about the size, click again (2nd mouseclick), and a 5 sided is created.
6. Now press (a Key), to repeat the 'Circle' Tool, but set 'Points' to 6 !
   * In Step 6, you don't need to think about what size to give it, we will fix this soon=)
7. Rename them to "5 Sided" and "6 Sided", so we later can easier select them and so on..
8. Now you should have them done looking like this Pic 02

Pic 01 Pic 02

Moving the 6 Sided into place

1. In the 'Select' Window, MultiSelect both the 5 and 6 Sided objects
2. Open the 'Property' Window, and in 'Wire' Tab, set 'Show Control Polygon' to 'Always'
   * Step 2, to easier handle and see which points we want to select and snap to
3. In the 'Select' Window, select only the 6 Sided, and Start the 'Move' Tool (m Key)
4. Hold down the (5 Key) and 1st click on the point of the 6 Sided that is closes to the bottom of the screen. Pic 03
5. Now move the mouse so that the 6 Sided will snap to the 5 Sided´s TopLeft point, then click to finish the move. Pic 03
   * Step 4, (5 Key) lets you Snap to the needed point, and it does this in 3D
6. You now should have something looking like Pic 04

Pic 03 Pic 04

Rotating and Scaling the 6 Sided

1. Start the 'Rotate' Tool (r Key), then hold down the (5 Key) and make three clicks with the mouse on the places shown in Pic 04 above.
2. Start the 'Scale' Tool (s Key), then hold down the (5 Key), and make the first two clicks shown below in Pic 05, then before you click the 3rd Also hold down the (Shift Key) (So both 5 + Shift Keys are pressed)
   * Step 2, Using (Shift Key), makes the Scaling to be uniform, to fit together with its all sides=)
   * otherwise each side of the 6 Sided, will NOT be equally long ! and wont fit to other 5/6 Sided
   * Also the use of snapping while modifying objects, makes things that might seemed impossible
   * to achieve other than using the Numeric Window, and using Known numbers...)
   * This will be more clearly shown, when we will later create the rest of the needed pieces, and that
   * using a simple macro, that is based on these snap principles..=)
3. Now you should have the 5 and 6 Sided perfectly aligned, snapped together with correct dimensions, as in Pic 06

Pic 05 Pic 06

Rotating the 6 Sided with the magical angle of 37.377 =)

1. With the 6 Sided still selected, start the 'Rotate' Tool (r Key), In 'Top' View drag those two 'SelectBoxes' around the points, as seen in Pic 06
   * Shouldn't be needed, but if, you can hold down (Comma Key) for 'SelectBox' to work in Depth too
2. Now take a 'Side' View, then press (n Key), now you can type in the magic number in the 'Angle' Field of the 'Numeric' Window and press (Return Key)..!
3. You should now have it to look like in Pic 07
4. Here is a good time to save it, to have a Template for other FootBalls...=) Save only sections "Objects" for smaller project files..

Pic 07

Finish off these two created pieces of the FootBall

1. MultiSelect the "5 Sided" and "6 Sided" objects, then open the 'Property' Window (p Key)
2. In 'Spec' Tab´s 'Rendering' Section, set the 'Type' to "Smoothen to nurbs', and tic the 'Interpolate Boundary'
3. In 'Wire' Tab, set 'Shaded quality' to highest (5), for better see while you model how it looks.
4. In a 'Top' View, go into 'Face' Edit Mode (Drag mouse with RMB pressed and choose the 'Compass' menu that is slightly down and to the right, or in the 'Controlbar' click the 'Edit' button and there choose 'Face')
5. Select the objects all (2) faces (Ctrl + a Key)
6. Now Subdivide these two faces a little bit by Hold down (Ctrl Key) and then click and drag the top point of the normal of the "6 Sided"´s Face, until you have like in Pic 08
7. In a 'Side' View drag the normal handle (in the middle of it), so we get a little height.
8. With these faces that was dragged in step 7, still selected, In the 'Property' Windows 'Spec' Tab´s 'Selected Edges' Section, set the 'Edge Sharpness' to 'Free' and set the 'Edge Rounding' to 0.15
9. Now you should have something like Pic 09
   
10. Enter 'Edge' Edit Mode, deselect all edges (Ctrl + t Key) and then select one edge on each of the 5 and 6 Sided objects like in Pic 10
11. Hold down (Shift + Ctrl Keys) and in 'Controlbar' click on the 'Loop Edge Select' Toolbutton Pic 10
    * Step 11, Ctrl makes it to select edges that are parallel to the selected one, and Shift makes it
    * select ALL, so this combo, select All Edges that are Parallel to the selected one(s)
    * Also in Step 11, If you don't see the 'Loop' Toolbutton, you can Scroll the 'Controlbar' in several
    * ways, either by Hold down the MMB=MiddleMouseButton and drag the mouse, or scroll the
    * Mousewheel, or Hold down (Ctrl Key) + RMB drag
12. In 'Property' Window 'Spec' Tab set the 'Edge Sharpness' to 'Free' and 'Edge Rounding' to 0.02
13. Ok it starting to shape up better now as shown in Pic 11, but you can always experiment with these settings and/or others, or even change other edges, points etc..
    * Step 8 and 12, to make the mesh fill out to the borders of the Controlpolygon, but still have a
    * smooth touch to it
    * IF the SDS Meshes are looking odd, like the geometry is shown outside the outer Edge line,
    * then change the 'Edge Roundings' by a factor of 10, to 0.015 and 0.002, Since these values are
    * depending on the scale of the SDS objects !)
14. Enter 'Face' Edit Mode, and select the 2 faces that was selected in Pic 08-09, Subdivide these two
    * Maybe also do like I have done in Pic 12 where I have resized (by dragging the scale handle in
    * the end of the Face´s normalhandle)the face of the "6 Sided" so it is more like the size of the one
    * of the "5 Sided", just to smooth things out a little bit.
15. Set the newly created faces´s 'Edge Sharpness' to 'Rounded'. This to smooth out the shape, to get the FootBall to a smooth round one =)
    
16. Drag one of their Normalhandles, a tiny bit just so you can sense a roundness to the FootBall !
    * hmm don't you see the final FootBall in your mind yet?=), you can and maybe will change this
    * later anyway.., but try to get the feel for how it will look like when its finished, since its a lot easier
    * to fix things now, than when the Football is ready...)
17. Of course you can also add extra geometry if you need even smoother results..=), but I try to do as simple shape that does the job for me =), I like more lowres models than superheavy highres =)
18. Pic 13 shows a simple render of what we have so far..=)
19. Maybe also a good time to Save to a new prj... only "Objects" section this time as well..
    * I save always edited prjs with incremented number, FootBall_01.r3d, FootBall_02.. and so on,
    * and if I animated one of them, I save it as FootBall_02_A_01 =)

Pic 08 Pic 09

Pic 10 Pic 11

Pic 12 Pic 13

Record a nice Macro that helps out in the rest of the tutorial

1. Enter 'Object' Edit Mode (Space Key) and change to 'Polygonal' by RMB drag in 'View' Window and choose the 'Compass' Menu called just 'Polygonal (It should be in the TopRight Corner)
   * Step 1, for easier dealing with snapping and so on
2. In the 'Select' Window, select only the "6 Sided" object and then in a 'Top' View zoom so it looks like in Pic 14
   * Its very important that you have enough room to the right of these two objects, since we will move * a copy of the "6 Sided" snapped to the right side of its original object, and we need to be able to
   * reach one of the "6 Sided"´s copy´s point in its right side =) WITHOUT panning the 'View Cam' !
   * since we don't want that to be recorded into the Macro !, but you will get this when just trying...
   * if not already understood it from what I just wrote
3. Turn 'Macro Recording' ON (Ctrl + m Keys)
   * During Macro record, only do exactly what I say in my steps.. =)
4. Duplicate the "6 Sided" (Ctrl + d Keys)
5. Start 'Move' Tool (m Key), Hold down (5 Key), 1st click at point 1 shown in Pic 14, then move mouse so that the copy of the "6 Sided" will snap to point 2 that you see in Pic 14, now click the 2nd mouseclick and that will finish the move, and it will look like in Pic 15
6. Start 'Rotate' Tool (r Key), Hold down (5 Key), 1st click at point 1 shown in Pic 15, 2nd click at point 2 shown also in Pic 15, then finally move the mouse to point 3, so it snaps to point 3 shown in Pic 15 and finish it all up with 3rd and last click !
7. Turn 'Macro Recording' OFF (Ctrl + m Keys)
8. Now you can breathe out and it wont be in the macro =).....
9. It should now look like in Pic 16

Pic 14 Pic 15

Pic 16 Pic 17

The 1st use of the nice Macro, adding 3 more "6 Sided" Objects

1. Just hold down (Ctrl Key) and then tap 3 times on the (g Key) to execute the macro 3 times =)
2. If working correctly, you should have it to look like in Pic 17
   * If wanting to execute the macro many times and you down want to sit and press the (Ctrl + g
   * Keys) all day... then in top of the 'Select' Window, click on the 'Named Macro' Tab and just set
   * the 'Repetition' Field to wanted number, and click on 'Apply' )
3. Time to save.. now save the Sections "Objects" and "Macros"

The 2nd use of the nice Macro, adding 4 more "5 Sided" Objects

1. In 'Select' Window select the "5 Sided" Object and duplicate it (Ctrl + d Keys)
2. In 'Top' View, drag the copy´s Green 'Translation' Handle so it is moved so we see it, as in Pic 18
3. Now Hold down (Shift Key) for Angle snap at 45 angles, and drag the Blue 'Rotation' Handle until you have rotated the "copy of 5 Sided" 180 deg
   * So it is pointing against the original =) face to face =) as shown also in Pic 18
   * You could have done the steps 2-3 above with only the 'Mirror' Tool, but then you have had to
   * select all faces and flipped their normals..=), which if is forgotten, will be tedious do fix later on =)
4. Zoom in and rotate the view to something like in Pic 19, so you see the leftside of the "copy of 5 Sided" object and so that you see the lower parts of the objects, so it easier to see the point we need to snap to !
5. Start 'Move' Tool (m Key) and hold down (5 Key) and 1st click on point 1 shown in Pic 19, then move so it will snap to point 2 shown in Pic 19, then make 2nd click to finish the move.
6. Take a 'Side' View and press (h Key)(Wireframe Mode) to see the points better (or corners), as shown in Pic 20
7. Start 'Rotate' Tool (r Key), and then hold down (, Key) (the Comma, for snap in Depth too)
8. Drag a 'SelectBox' as shown at 1 in Pic 20, after that drag another 'SelectBox' as shown at 2 in Pic 20, and finally to finish of the rotation, hold down (5 Key) and move the mouse to point 3 shown in Pic 20 and click ! (It should have snapped and fit perfectly if done correctly..)
   * Pic20b is there if needed, to more clearly show which points that should be snapped !
9. Just hold down (Ctrl Key) and then tap 4 times on the (g Key) to execute the macro 4 times =)
10. If working correctly, you should have it to look like in Pic 21, and all "5 Sided" are done !
11. Only have to make the last "6 Sided" Objects for the half of the FootBall to be finished =)

Pic 18 Pic 19

Pic 20 Pic20b

Pic 21

The last use of the nice Macro, adding 4 more "6 Sided" Objects

1. In 'Select' Window select the "6 Sided" Object and duplicate it (Ctrl + d Keys)
2. Take a 'Top' View and rotate the view so you have it look like in Pic 22
3. Start 'Move' Tool (m Key), hold down (5 Key) and click at point 1 shown in Pic 22, next click at point 2. Pic 22 also shows how it looks after the move !
4. In a 'Side' View, change to 'Wire' Mode (h Key), should look like in Pic 23
5. Start 'Rotate' Tool (r Key), hold down (, Key) (Comma Key), then drag a 'SelectBox' in turn at 1, 2 and 3 shown in Pic 23 , This will rotate the 6 Sided object and snapped in place perfectly.
6. Now time for the last use of the Macro =)
7. Just hold down (Ctrl Key) and then tap 4 times on the (g Key) to execute the macro 4 times =)
8. If working correctly, you should have it to look like in Pic 24, a complete "Half" Football !

Pic 22 Pic 23

Pic 24 Pic 25

Will our half find its Mr/Mrs right ?=)

1. In 'Select' Window MultiSelect all objects (Ctrl + a Keys) and duplicate them (Ctrl + d Keys)
2. In a 'Front' View, Hold down (Shift Key) and drag the Green 'Rotate' Handle, rotate it 180 deg
   * Step 2 is like we did before, just to avoid RS from flipping facenormals =)
3. Drag the Blue 'Translate' handle so the 2nd half of the Football comes in place as in Pic 25
4. Rotate the 'View' a little bit and zoom in to something similar to Pic 26
5. Start 'Move' Tool (m Key), hold down (5 Key), click at point 1 shown in Pic 26, then click at point 2
6. Start 'Rotate' Tool (r Key), hold down (5 Key), click the points 1,2 and 3 in turn, shown in Pic 27
7. Now it all should match perfectly =)
8. Time to save again...=)

Pic 26 Pic 27

Simple coloring

1. Deselect all objects, one way of doing that is to click on an empty area in the 'Select' Window.
2. Just below the 'Select' Window, open the 'Advanced Selection', and then click on its 'Name' Tab, if not already selected, then in 'Wildcard' Field type the following "*6 Sided" (Without the Quotation marks)(DON'T press (Return Key)) and then click on the 'Select' Button
3. Now all of your 6 Sided objects are selected and now cut and pasted them, (Ctrl + x Keys) (Ctrl + v Keys)
   * Step 3 helps out to put all 6 Sided objects below all the 5 Sided in the 'Select' Window for easier
   * selection
4. Select the 5 Sided objects, just do this with an Inverted selection (Ctrl + i Keys)
5. Enter 'Face' Edit Mode and select all faces (Ctrl + a Keys)
6. Open 'Property' Window and in 'Spec' Tab, in the 'selected Points' sections 'Attributes' dropdown menu, select 'Color' and set its value to close to black but not completely black, just type .15 .15 .15 and RS will fill in the 0 in front of all three . (dots) =) (or click on the 'Color' button and then use the sliders)

Fine-tuning

1. Select all of the faces of all of the 5 and 6 Sided Objects.
2. Temporarily enter 'Object' Edit Mode (Space Key)
   * To avoid faces to be Unselected during first part step 3 =) when clicking in the 'View' Window
3. Click in the 'View' Window to activate it, go back into 'Face' Edit Mode and then tap once on the ('DownArrow' Key)
   * Step 3 deselects outer ring of faces on each 5 and 6 Sided object, and for it to work, a 'View'
   * Window needs to be active, which was done in Step 3
4. Drag one of the 'Scale' handles so the selected faces are scale looking like in Pic 28
   * Pic 28 shows it in 'Object' Edit Mode, for easier see that the outer Edges of the selected faces of
   * each 5/6 Sided object, are close to each other, almost touching, you can yourself adjust this to
   * your liking, as well as anything else, do what gives you the look/feel that you want !
5. If you want, you can resize or move the middle face of each 5/6 Sided, to affect how round the Football will be.
   * To select the middle, just tap on the (DownArrow Key) once more.
   * If losing the selection, just select all again (Ctrl + a Keys) and then tap on the (DownArrow Key),
   * This is much faster, than to select the needed faces in the 'View' Window.
6. If you need more smoothness or just need more resolution to your Football, either do things manually by subdivide faces and so on that you need or select all objects and then in 'Controlbar' click the 'Smooth' Tool Button and it will Subdivide it all.
7. But I keep it as simple as it can be, with as low resolution I can, to meet my needs. =)

Pic 28

Add the plastic material to the Football

1. Select all of the 5 and 6 Sided Objects and drop them into a new level (d Key)
2. Select this new level and rename it as "Football" =)
3. In the 'Select' Window click on the 'Materials' Tab and drag and drop the 'Plastic' material into the 'View' Window
4. Time to save again
   * At this stage you can use it for simulations or anims or such where it should break up into
   * pieces.. and so on.. I bet you can think of other ideas..=)

Stitch the Football together

1. Select all of the 5 and 6 Sided Objects, and in the 'Controlbar' click on the 'Merge Object' Tool Button to make all of these objects one single object. rename it as "Football"
2. Ouch, it all seems to be all black colored =) chill we will fix this =)
3. Enter 'Face' Edit Mode, and select all Faces, and tap on the (DownArrow Key) until only one face of each 5/6 Sided part of the Football are selected !
4. Make a 'Point' Group of the selected ones, Press (Shift + g Keys), rename it as "All Group"
5. Select the SDS Football object again, and of the selected faces, DEselect the ones on the "5 Sided" parts, that is the faces that are selected and has 5 sides.
   * Step 5, do this in the 'View' Window, by just hold down (Alt Key) and click on each of the 5 sided
   * faces in turn, turn around the view to get to all of them, and I choose to deselect the 5 sided ones,
   * cause they are fewer, 12 to be exact, and 20 of the 6 Sided faces =)
6. Now you have only the 6 sided faces left selected, Make a new 'Point' Group of these, renamed as "6 Sided Group"
7. In 'Select' Window, select the "All Group" and in 'Controlbar' click 'Select' Tool Button.
8. Now select the "6 Sided Group" and in 'Controlbar' click the 'DEselect' Tool Button.
   * After Step 8, only points of the 5 sided faces should be selected.
9. Create a new 'Point' Group, renamed as "5 Sided Group"
10. In 'Select' Window, Select the "Football" object, in the 'Controlbar' click on the 'JoinFaces' Tool Button and just accept it, it will now have made the whole Football as a complete object without any open areas.
11. In 'Select' Window select the "All Group" and then in 'Controlbar' click on the 'Select' Tool Button.
    * Step 11 selects all points of the 5/6 Sided Faces we had selected when creating this 'Point
    * Group'
12. In 'Select' Window select the "5 Sided Group" and in 'Controlbar' click the Deselect Tool Button.
    * After Step 12, as you surely already have figured out, you will have only points in 6 Sided faces
    * that are selected
13. With the "Football" selected enter 'Point' Edit Mode and then back to 'Face' Edit Mode
    * Hopefully in future RS versions, this will happen automatically...=)
14. Now tap the (UpArrow Key) twice, to select all faces of the "6 Sided" parts of the Football
15. In 'Property' Window, 'Spec' Tab´s Set the color to white (1,1,1). In the same way we did it in the "Simple Coloring" section, Step 7
16. Invert the selection (Ctrl + i Keys), now all Faces of the 5 Sided parts of the Football are selected
17. In 'Property' Window, 'Spec' Tab, with 'Attribute' --> 'Color' shown, the 'Value' Field should show, (0.15 0.15 0.15) in RED, meaning some not all of the selected points has this value, now just click in that 'Value' Field and press (Return Key)
    * Step 17 makes the whole 5 Sided parts of the Football to be black (or close to black)

The End of the tut... and the start of a new life for the Football =)

• Now put it into a cool scene and render it up.. or fine-tune it or whatever...
• If having questions, feel free to ask !
• Good luck and have fun, Regards Stefan "Beg-inner" Gustafsson